Aiani is one of the most important Byzantine and post-Byzantine settlements of the prefecture. The archaeological site was first inhabited in prehistoric times (Late Copper Age). It flourished in the Archaic and Classical period (6th and 5th centuries BC), and was abandoned in the 1st century BC, perhaps due to a destructive earthquake. Systematic excavations started in 1983. They brought to light important architectural remains, clusters of graves and organized cemeteries, which are dated from Prehistoric to Late Hellenistic times. Mycenaean finds testify that the settlement had close ties with the centres of South Greece as early as the 13th and 12th centuries BC. After its destruction in the 1st century BC, the settlement was transferred to the present Paliokastro of Kaisareia, at a distance of about 2 km. Aiane was still in life during the Byzantine period. Together with the village of Servia, they became the centres of the region, as its Byzantine churches testify.