Acheiropoietos is the oldest surviving early Christian church in Thessaloniki and the eastern Mediterranean. It was built in the 5th century on the ruins of Roman baths and was dedicated to the Virgin Mary. The mosaics preserved on the arches of the colonnades, dating back to the 5th century, have decorative and floral themes combined with Christian symbols. The fall of Thessaloniki to the Turks in 1430 was engraved on a column of the church, which became the city’s first mosque. After the liberation of Thessaloniki in 1912, it housed an archaeological collection and refugees. It was returned to Christian worship in 1930.